Sunday, February 19, 2012

Main Events In the History of Jerusalem


Main Events In the History of Jerusalem

Before going to Israel, brush up on your history. Israel is built in layer upon layer of civilizations. Everywhere you go there are archeological digs. More and more is found every year as areas are built upon. You will tunnels and caves, underground storage bins and even new parts of  long ago discovered areas are being unearthed.


1000-961 BCE King David establishes Jerusalem as the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel
961-922            King Solomon builds the First Temple
922                   Division of the Kingdom into Israel and Judah
701                   Hezekiah successfully withstands Sennacherib’s assault on Jerusalem
587/6              Destruction of Jerusalem and of the Second Temple  by Nebuchadnezzar. Exile of Jews to Babylon.
537-332           The Persian Period
537                  Return of the Jews from Babylon to Israel
516                  Completion of rebuilding the Second Temple
332-167           Alexander the Great conquest of Jerusalem
312-198           Rule of Ptolmies- Egyptian Greek Empire
198-167           Rule of Selucids- Syrian Greek Empire
169                  Antiochus IV Epiphenes, a Selucid King plunders the Temple
167-163           The Hasmoneans (Maccabees)
167-141           Maccabean War of Liberation
164                  Re-conquest of the Temple Mount and rededication of the Temple (Hanukah)
166-160           Judah the Maccabee rules
63BCE-324CE The Roman period
63                    Pompey captures Jerusalem
40-37            Romans ousted briefly by Hasmonian king, Mattathias Antigonus aided by the Parthians
37BCE-4CE   King Herod the Great – Roman proxy king – builds Antonia fortress, a palace, three towers and rebuilds the Second Temple.
26-36               Pontius Pilot, Roman procurator of Judea.
33                    Crucifixion of Jesus
41-44               Aggripa, king of Judea,builds new city wall (the “Third Wall”)
66-74               The great revolt against the Romans
70                    Fall of Jerusalem and the destruction of the Second Temple by Titus
132-135           Bar Kochba’s War of Freedom – Jerusalem again becomes the Jewish capital
135                 Emperor Hadrian’s total destruction of Jerusalem and building of new walls. Jerusalem becomes a pagan city renamed Aelia Capitolina. Changes from Province of Judea to Province of Palestina
324-638           The Byzantine Christian Period
326             Queen Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine the Great, visits Jerusalemand determines locations of events associated with the last days of Jesus. This causes churches to be built to commemorate events, notably the Church of the Holy Sepulcher
614                  Persian conquest of Jerusalem
629                  Jerusalem recaptured by the Byzantines
638-1099         The early Muslim Period
638                  The Caliph Omar enters Jerusalem
691                  Dome of the Rock completed
1099-1187       The Crusader Kingdom
1099                Crusaders capture Jerusalem
1173                Benjamin of Tudela visits Jerusalem
1187                Saladin captures Jerusalem from the Crusaders
1250-1517       The Mamaluke Period
1267             Rabbi Moshe Ben Nahman (Ramban) arrives from Spain, revives the Jewish community and establishes a synagogue and study hall
1517-1917       The Ottoman Turkish Period
1517                Ottoman conquest of Jerusalem
1530’s              Sultan Suleiman the “magnificent” rebuilds the city walls
1700                Rabbi Yehuda HaHassid arrives,starts building the first Ashkenazi (Hurva) synagogue
1836                First visit of Sir Moses Montfore
1860                First settlement outside the walls of the old city
1917-1948       The British Mandate Period
1917                British conquest and general Allenbys entry into Jerusalem, British awarded Mandate for Palestine to establish Jewish National Home
1922             First partition of Palestine. 77% carved out to create Arab state in Palestine-TransJordon
1925                Hebrew University buildings inaugurated
1947                United Nations Resolution recommends the partition of the remainderof Palestine into Jewish and Arab states
1948-1967       The Divided City
May 14,1948   British Mandate ends and State of Israel proclaimed
May1948-Jan1949      Israel War of Liberation
May 28,1948    New city of Jerusalem remains inact but Jewish quarter in the old city walls falls
April 1949       Israel-TransJordan Armistice Agreement signed, whereby Jerusalem divided by two countries
Dec 1949         Jerusalem is declared Capital of the State of Israel
June 5,1967     Jordan  shells and mortars Jerusalem’s new city on the first day of the Six Day War
June 7,1967     Israeli troops capture the Old City and Jerusalem is reunited. Moslems, Christians and Jews have free access to their holy places
1967-1996       United Jerusalem is declared the undivided capital of the state of Israel
                        Large areacleared for Kotel Prayer Plaza
                        Southern Wall excavations reveal remains of Second Temple Period
                        City of David excavations reveal remains of First Temple Period
                        Building of new neighborhoods in Jerusalem (Ramat Eshkol, French hill, Gilo, Neve Yaakov, Pisgat Ze’ev
                        Rebuilding of the old Jewish quarter
1996                Kotel tunnels fully opened to the public
2003                First Orthodox Mayor elected, Uri Lupolianski
2007                Jerusalem celebrates40 years of unification
2008                 Nir Barkat elected Mayor of Jerusalem

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